Fouls and penalties
A foul gives the opponent the value of the ball on, or of a higher ball involved in the foul, with 4 the least and 7 the most. After a foul, the next player chooses: play from where the cue ball lies, or make the player who fouled play again.
Common fouls
Missing the ball on, or hitting another ball first.
Potting the cue ball (an in-off), or a ball that is not on.
Touching a ball with anything other than the cue tip.
Playing with both feet off the floor, or before the balls have stopped.
A push shot or a jump shot.
How many points
On a red: 4, or 5, 6 or 7 if the blue, pink or black was involved. On a colour: that colour’s value, but never less than 4. Fouls do not add up; only the highest value counts.